Northumbria
Northumbria was an early medieval Kingdom, existing between 654 and 1066AD, at its height spanning modern-day Northern England and Southern Scotland.
The name derives from the Northumbrian Old English Norþhymbre meaning "the people or kingdom north of the Humber". What was to become Northumbria started as two kingdoms, Deira in the south and Bernicia in the north. Conflict in the first half of the seventh century ended with the murder of the last king of Deira in 651, and Northumbria was thereafter unified under Bernician kings.
The kingdom of Northumbria originally extended from the Humber and south of the River Mersey to the Firth of Forth and Stirling in the north. Lindsey was also absorbed into the kingdom of Northumbria in the 7th century, to the south of Lincoln and the River Witham.
Much of Northumbria was settled and conquered by the Danes and Norse and where they formed the Kingdom of York and The Danelaw. The Earldom of Bamburgh maintained control of Bernicia for a period of time; however, the area north of the Tweed was eventually absorbed into the medieval Kingdom of Scotland.
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